関係代名詞の基本文法
関係代名詞whoを含む文の構造
ア I know the boy. He lives in this town.
⎿ 同格 ⏌
イ I know the boy who lives in this town.
先行詞 修飾部
「私はこの街に住んでいる(その)少年を知っている。」
⑴ 関係代名詞は,2つの文に共通な語の一方の名詞や代名詞の代わりに用いられ,先行詞を修飾して2つの文をつなぐ働きをする。上の例では,アの2つの文が,イの1つの文になっている。
⑵ 先行詞 →必ず関係代名詞の前にある。固有名詞や代名詞が先行詞になることはない。
主格 →who, which
⑴ 先行詞が人の場合はwhoを使う。
・ I know the boy. + He lives in this town.
=I know the boy who lives in this town.
「私は,この町に住んでいる(その)少年を知っている。」
・ The lady is Miss Green. + She is sitting on the chair.
=The lady who is sitting on the chair is Miss Green.
「椅子にすわっている(その)婦人はグリーンさんだ。」
⑵ 先行詞が人以外の場合はwhichを使う。
・ I like this book. + It was written by Soseki Natsume.
=I like the book which was written by Soseki Natsume..
「私は,夏目漱石によって書かれた,この本が好きだ。」
または,「私はこの,夏目漱石によって書かれた本が好きだ。」
・ The book is mine. + It is on the desk.
=The book which is on the desk is mine.
「机の上の(その)本は私のものだ。」
【問い】次の各組の英文を1文に直せ。また日本語に直せ。
① I know the man. He came to see you.
② They have a son. He is five years old.
③ Here is a boy. He can run fast.
④ What is that building? It stands on the hill.
⑤ The boys are my friends. They are playing baseball.
⑥ I have a book. It was given me on Christmas day.
⑦ The girls are playing tennis. They are Mary and Jane.
⑧ Do you know the girl? She helped you with your homework.
⑨ Is this the bus? It goes to the station.
⑩ The building stands by the lake. It is a church.
目的格 →whom, which
⑴ 先行詞が人の場合はwhomを使う。
・ I know the girl. + You met her at the hotel.
=I know the girl whom you met at the hotel.
「私は,君がホテルで会った(その)少女を知っている。」
・ The man is Mr. Green. + You know him well.
=The man whom you know well is Mr. Green.
「君がよく知っている(その)男性はグリーンさんだ。」
⑵ 先行詞が人以外の場合はwhichを使う。
・ I like this book. + I bought it yesterday.
=I like this book which I bought yesterday.
「私は,きのう買った本が気に入っている。」
・ The key is mine. + You found it in this room.
=The key which you found in this room is mine.
「君がこの部屋で見つけた(その)鍵は私のものだ。」
- 目的格の関係代名詞はすべて省略できる。
【問い】次の各組の英文を1文に直せ。また日本語に直せ。
① I’ll give you the book. I bought it.
② I know the girl. I saw her in the park.
③ This is the watch. I lost it yesterday.
④ These are the letters. My uncle wrote them
⑤ Mary has a piano. Her grandmother bought it for her.
⑥ The girl was Mary Brown. You met her last night.
⑦ The lady is my aunt. You met her in the garden.
⑧ This doll is mine. It was made by my mother.
⑨ The book is very interesting. You lent it to me.
⑩ The children were playing baseball. I saw them in the park.
⑪ That student was Obama. I taught him the history of Africa.
thatの用法
⑴ who, whom, whichの代わりに用いることができる。目的格で用いられる場合は省略できる。
⑵ 先行詞にthe first, the last,形容詞の最上級がついた場合
She is the first girl that came to the party.
This is the most beautiful picture that I have ever seen.
⑶ 先行詞にthe only, the same,the very, all, everyなどがついた場合
He is the only student that can answer the question.
She is the very woman that climbed Mt. Everest for the first time.
⑷ 先行詞が人と動物(物)を含む場合
Look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way.
⑸ 疑問代名詞で始まる文の場合
Who is the student that could solve this problem?
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