be動詞の過去形
現在の文 | 過去の文 |
I am a student. | I was a student. |
You are thirteen years old. | You were thirteen years old. |
He is busy. | He was busy. |
She is playing the piano. | She was playing the piano. |
Are you free? | Were you free? |
―Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. | ―Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. |
過去を表す副詞(句)
① yesterday, yesterday morningなど
② last night, last Sunday, last yearなど
③ three weeks ago, many months agoなど
④ then, at that time, just now
⑤ this morning, the day before yesterday
一般動詞の過去形
現在の文 | 過去の文 |
You play the piano. | You played the piano. |
You don’t play the piano. | You didn’t play the piano. |
Do you play the piano? | Did you play the piano? |
―Yes, I do. / No, I don‘t. | ―Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. |
What do you play? | What did you play? |
―I play the piano. | ―I played the piano. |
規則動詞の-edのつけ方
⑴ 原則として,edをつける。 |
《例》 open−opened,ask−asked,visit−visited,play−played |
⑵ 語尾が「e」で終わる場合,dをつける。 |
《例》 live−lived,love−loved,use−used,dance−danced |
⑶ 語尾が「子音字+y」で終わる場合,yをiに変えてedをつける。 |
《例》 study−studied,carry−carried,try−tried,cry−cried |
⑷ 語尾が「短母音+子音字」で終わる場合,子音字を重ねてedをつける。 |
《例》 stop−stopped,plan−planned,beg−begged |
規則動詞の-edの発音のし方
⑴ 原則として,[d/ド]と発音する。 |
《例》 answered,lived,called,studied |
⑵ 語尾が「d,t(e)」で終わる場合,[id/イド]と発音する。 |
《例》 needed,handed,wanted,waited |
⑶ 語尾が「k(e),p(e),ch,sh,ce,ss,gh」で終わる場合,[t/ト]と発音する。 |
《例》 asked,liked,stopped,hoped,reached,washed,practiced,passed,laughed |
【問1】次の不規則動詞の過去形を書け。
⒜ say | ⒝ hear | ⒞ take | ⒟ shut |
⒠ give | ⒡ stop | ⒢ tell | ⒣ make |
⒤ run | ⒥ begin | ⒦ read | ⒧ see |
⒨ eat | ⒩ have | ⒪ catch | ⒫ know |
⒬ find | ⒭ buy | ⒮ wear | ⒯ sleep |
⒰ build | ⒱ bring | ⒲ break | ⒳ swim |
⒴ put | ⒵ sit |
【問2】次の動詞の過去形の語尾の発音をA[d/ド]・B[t/ト]・C[id/イド]のグループに分けよ。
① cook | ② study | ③ dance | ④ use |
⑤ laugh | ⑥ end | ⑦ help | ⑧ watch |
⑨ shout | ⑩ start | ⑪ visit | ⑫ smile |
⑬ learn | ⑭ worry | ⑮ finish | ⑯ wash |
⑰ want | ⑱ stay | ⑲ practice | ⑳ open |
【問3】次の英文を,( )内の指示に従って書き換えよ。
① She is absent from school. (過去の文に)
② He is present at the party. (過去の否定文に)
③ Were you in time for the last bus? (Yesで答える文に)
④ Why was he late for school? (「遅く起きたから」と答える文に)
⑤ It was fifteen to eleven then. (下線部を問う文に)
⑥ What is he doing? (文末にthenを加えた文に)
⑦ Where were you then? (「図書館にいました」と答える文に)
⑧ She sings a song. (文末にat that timeを加えた文に)
⑨ He comes first, but leaves last. (過去の文に)
⑩ I wrote a letter last night. (過去進行形の文に)
⑪ Mr. Mori taught English to us. (下線部を問う文に)
⑫ My son goes out every day. (下線部をjust nowに換えて)
【問4】次の英文にはすべて,文法上の誤りがある。正しい文に書き換えよ。
① When he was in France, he studies art.
② Tom and Dick was swimming in the pool.
③ My mother had very busy yesterday morning.
④ Mr. Suzuki teaches English last year.
⑤ Everyone are talking about the news.
【問5】次の対話文を読んで,①~④にあてはまる最も適当な文を,下のア~クの中から1つずつ選べ。
Mr. Suzuki: Tadashi, you are late today.
Tadashi: I’m sorry. I got up late this morning.
Mr. Suzuki: What time did you get up?
Tadashi: ①
Mr. Suzuki: That’s too late. ②
Tadashi: Because I had to do a lot of homework last night.
Mr. Suzuki: I see. ③
Tadashi: Yes, I will. I’ll never be late again.
Mr. Suzuki: Well, did you finish your homework?
Tadashi: ④
ア Where did you read last night?
イ I came home about four o’clock.
ウ Because he comes to school by bus.
エ Why did you get up so late?
オ I got up at seven thirty.
カ But come to school before it begins.
キ No, I don’t.
ク No, I didn’t.