文型
《S》主語,《V》動詞,《O》目的語,《C》補語,これらを文の要素という。
第一文型(S+V)
⑴ 副詞や助動詞は文の要素ではない。
① He runs fast.
② I will go to Australia next year.
③ There is a pen on the desk.
第二文型(S+V+C)
⑴ 《S》=《C》の関係になる。
⑵ 《C》は名詞または形容詞で,be動詞とbecomeだけが補語に名詞と形容詞の両方をとる。
① I am a student. / I am busy.
② He became a scientist. / He became famous.
③ I t is getting cool.
④ She looks happy. 参考:She looks like a happy girl. →この場合のlikeは前置詞
⑤ I feel sad.
第三文型(S+V+O)
⑴ 《S+V+O+状態・様子+場所+時》と続く。
① I study English.
② I study English hard.
③ I study English hard at school.
④ I study English hard at school every day.
第四文型(S+V+O1+O2)
⑴ toで第三文型に書き換えるグループ…give,tell,teach,show,send,lend,payなど
I give you a present.=I give a present to you.
⑵ forで第三文型に書き換えるグループ…buy,make,cook,get,sing,leaveなど
Will you buy me a bike?=Will you buy a bike for me?
⑶ ofで第三文型に書き換えるグループ…ask,begなど
May I ask you a question?=May I ask a question of you?
第五文型(S+V+O+C)
⑴ 《O》=《C》の関係になる。
① We call him Taro.
② They named her Hanako.
③ My mother made me a doctor.
④ What made you sad?