命令文
命令文
⑴ 「~しなさい」 の表現
You study hard. ⇒ Study hard.
⑵ 「~してはならない」 の表現
You don’t give up. ⇒ Don’t give up. (=Never give up.) ★neverは強意表現
⑶ 「~してくれませんか」 の表現
You open the window. ⇒ Please open the window. (=Open the window, please.)
⑷ 「~しましょう」 の表現
We go to the park. ⇒ Let’s go to the park.
Be ~, Don’t be ~で始まる命令文
⑴ 「~であれ」 の表現
You are a good student. ⇒ Be a good student.
You are kind to others. ⇒ Be kind to others.
⑵ 「~であってはならない」 の表現
You are not noisy. ⇒ Don’t be noisy.
命令文
Howで始まる感嘆文 →Howは副詞
⑴ 《 How+[ ]+主語+述語動詞+!》 の構文
I am very busy.「とても忙しい,私は」
⇒ How [ ]I am!「なんて忙しいのだろう,私は」
⑵ 《 How+[ ]+主語+述語動詞+!》 の構文
You play the piano very well.「とても上手に,君はピアノを弾く」
⇒ How[ ]you play the piano!「なんて上手に,君はピアノを弾くのだろう」
Whatで始まる感嘆文 →Whatは副詞
⑴ 《 What+a(an)+形容詞+[ ]+主語+述語動詞+!》 の構文
She is a very happy student. 「とても幸せな学生だ,彼女は」
⇒ What a[ ]student she is! 「なんて幸せな学生だろう,彼女は」
He has a very fast car. 「とても速い車を,彼は持っている」
⇒ What a [ ]car he has! 「なんて速い車を,彼は持っているのだろう」
☆ 次の書き換え公式を暗記せよ。
① How fast you swim!
=What a fast swimmer you are!
② How well they play baseball!
=What good baseball players they are!
③ How well our teacher speaks English!
=What a good speaker of English our teacher is!
④ 上記以外に,次のような語句の書き換えを知っておく必要がある。
・ run → a runner ・ sing → a singer ・ play tennis→ a tennis player
・ play the piano → a pianist ・ play the violin → a violinist
【問1】次の文を感嘆文に書き換えよ。
① That picture is very pretty.
② This is a very beautiful park.
③ It is a very interesting book.
④ Tom can jump very high.
⑤ That car is running very fast.
⑥ There are a lot of books in this library.
【問2】次の各組の文がほぼ同じ意味になるように,あとの文の( )の中に適語を1つずつ入れよ。
① How fast he runs!
=( ) a ( ) ( ) he is!
② How well she sings!
=( ) a ( ) ( ) she is!
③ How hard they work!
=( ) hard ( ) they are!
④ What an old apple that is!
=( ) ( ) that apple is!
⑤ What an early riser he is!
=( ) ( ) he rises!
⑥ What useful books these are!
=( ) ( ) these books are!
⑦ How well she speaks French!
=( ) a ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) she is!
いろいろな疑問文
付加疑問文
「~です(よ)ね・~ではありません(よ)ね」と,相手の確認・同意を求める表現
⑴ 《 [ ],+isn’t (don’t)+代名詞? 》
① This is a pen, isn’t it?
② You are very busy, aren’t you?
③ Mary danced well, didn’t she?
⑵ 《 [ ],+is (do)+代名詞? 》
① That building isn’t a church, is it?
② You weren’t studying then, were you?
③ She won’t go shopping today, will she?
否定疑問文
「~ではないのですか・~しないのですか」と,たずねる表現
⑴ isn’t,don’t,can’tなどの縮約形を主語の前に置く。
⑵ 答えが肯定ならYes,否定ならNoを用いる。日本語の「はい」 「いいえ」と反対になるので注意する。
☆ 次の英文を日本語に直せ。
① Aren’t you a scientist? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
② Didn’t you like cats? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
③ Can’t he drive a car? Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.
いろいろな疑問文とその答え方
【問1】次の疑問文の答えとして最も適当なものを,あとのア~タの中から1つずつ選べ。
① What are those? | ② Who is that girl? | |
③ Whose is this dictionary? | ④ When do you swim in the sea? | |
⑤ Where are you going now? | ⑥ How do you go to church every Sunday? | |
⑦ How old is your house? | ⑧ How many rabbits does your sister have? | |
⑨ What is your father? | ⑩ What is your father’s job? | |
⑪ Can he call on his teacher? | ⑫ Who broke that window? | |
⑬ Who was singing on the stage then? | ⑭ “He likes dogs.” “Me, too. And you?” | |
⑮ “How are you?” “I’m fine, thank you. And you?” | ||
⑯ Does your father go to the office on foot or by car? | ||
ア Tom did. | イ She has two. | ウ I’m fine, too. |
エ In summer. | オ To the station. | カ I walk there. |
キ It’s a pilot. | ク He goes there on foot. | ケ Tom was. |
コ Yes, he can. | サ He’s a pilot. | シ I don’t like it. |
ス They are birds. | セ It’s ten years old. | ソ It’s mine. |
タ She is my cousin. |
【問2】次の疑問文の答えとして最も適当なものを,あとのア~タの中から1つずつ選べ。
① Will you drink some more tea? | ② What shall I do for you? | |
③ How about going to the movie? | ④ Must I go home at once? | |
⑤ Why didn’t you come yesterday? | ⑥ May I stay here? | |
⑦ Is Tom going to call on her tomorrow? | ⑧ Who is the tallest, Tom, Bob or you? | |
⑨ Which does he like better, dogs or cats? | ⑩ Were there trees by your mansion? | |
⑪ Animals cannot speak, can they? | ⑫ What time did you leave home ? | |
⑬ Which is your bike, this or that? | ⑭ How many students are studying ? | |
⑮ How long will you stay in this town?” | ⑯ Where shall we meet at three ? | |
ア Tom is. | イ No, you mustn’t. | ウ Because I was sick. |
エ No, they can’t. | オ In front of the library. | カ Nine are. |
キ No, thanks. | ク This one is. | ケ At three. |
コ Yes, let’s. | サ He likes dogs better. | シ Will you shut the door? |
ス Yes, there were. | セ For two weeks. | ソ No, you don’t have to. |
タ Yes, he is. | ||
【問3】次の疑問文に,( )内の語句を使って完全な文の形で答えよ。
① What was Tom studying when I came home? ( history )
② What was Tom doing when I came home? ( study history )
③ What country will you visit next year? ( Australia )
④ Who were you waiting for here? ( Mary )
⑤ Which can run faster, this car or that one? ( this car )
⑥ How far is it from Tokyo to Hakata? ( about 1,000 kilometers )
【問4】次の英文について,下線部が答えとなるような疑問文を作れ。
① There is a dictionary on the desk.
② I’m very fine, thank you.
③ I went to the airport by train.
④ It was half past seven at that time.
⑤ My grandfather is ninety-nine.
⑥ Tom was running along the river.
⑦ Mary has three friends in Saitama.
⑧ It takes an hour to go there by train.